Malnutrition diseases - Nutrition disorders

Home › Nutritional deficiency › Malnutrition diseases - Nutrition disorders

Malnutrition diseases, which are nutrition disorders, occur as a result of our body not getting enough of or excess of nutrients.

Carbohydrate malnutrition diseases and nutrition disorders

Deficient malnutrition: Carbohydrates are easy and faster sources for energy production in the human body.

The shortage of carbohydrates in food causes nutrition problems like energy starvation, weakness and lethargy.

Excess nutrition: Consumption of excess carbohydrates above the body requirement for a long period of time causes obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

protein nutrition disorders and malnutrition diseases

Deficient malnutrition: Protein deficiency in children causes malnutrition diseases like kwashiorkor.

kwashiorkor is marked by pedal edema, pot belly and wasted body muscles.

Excess nutrition: Prolonged consumption of excess of protein especially in the absence of fats causes nutrition problem called rabbit starvation in which there is discomfort and hunger that can be satiated only by the intake of fat and carbohydrates.

Obesity in a young man (enlarge)

Other symptoms of this protein excess nutrition include low blood pressure, low pulse rate, fatigue, diarrhea and headache.

Kwashiorkor in infant (enlarge)

Protein-energy malnutrition diseases and nutrition disorders

When there is both protein and energy deficiency arising due to malnutrition, a condition called marasmus arises in which there is emaciation and extensive muscle and tissue wasting.

Marasmus in a boy (enlarge) Catabolytis is an extreme biological process wherein the fat and muscle tissue are broken down to stay alive in the event of starvation.

Fat malnutrition and nutrition

Deficient malnutrition: deficiency of fats in nutrition causes low sex hormone levels and malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Fat deficiency coupled with high intake of proteins causes 'rabbit starvation' condition.

Excess nutrition: Fats when consumed in excess of requirement can result in cardiovascular problems and obesity.

Minerals nutrition disorders and malnutrition

Many malnutrition diseases are caused by the deficiency of minerals.

Iodine

Deficient malnutrition: Goiter, cretinism and hypothyroidism are the results of dietary Iodine deficiency.

Iron

Deficient malnutrition: Iron deficiency in nutrition causes anemia with symptoms of decreased hemoglobin in blood.

Excess nutrition disorders: Iron in excess causes iron overload and iron intoxication damaging intestinal lining and liver.

Sodium

Deficient malnutrition: Hyponatremia and electrolyte disturbance occurs in deficiency with fluid retention.

Excess nutrition: Hypernatremia and electrolyte disturbance occurs affecting oxygen transport.

Calcium

Deficient malnutrition: Hypocalcaemia occurs with electrolyte disturbance.

Excess nutrition: Hypocalcaemia occurs in excess consumption.

Potassium

Deficient malnutrition diseases: Hypokalemia with symptoms like elevated blood pressure is caused when there is malnutrition of this mineral.

Excess nutrition disorders: Hyperkalemia with symptoms like palpitation and muscle weakness is encountered in excess nutrition of potassium.

Magnesium

Deficient malnutrition diseases: Muscle weakness and hyperexcitability are symptoms of its deficiency. In severe deficiency death may occur from heart failure.

Excess nutrition: Hypermagnesemia occurs in persons with renal impairment with symptoms like nausea, vomiting and weakness.

Phosphorus

Deficiency malnutrition: Hypophosphatemia occurs.

Excess nutrition: Hyperphosphatemia occurs.

Zinc

Deficiency malnutrition diseases: Hair loss, diarrhea, wasting of body tissues and skin lesions occur due to Zinc deficiency.

Excess nutrition disorders: Zinc in excess causes zinc toxicity which suppresses copper and iron absorption.

Copper

Deficiency malnutrition diseases: Pancytopenia is caused with reduction in the number of white and red blood cells and platelets.

Excess nutrition: Copper toxicity shows symptoms like palsy and convulsions and in some cases result in death.

Vitamins malnutrition diseases and nutrition disorders

There is much negative impact in health with the deficiency of vitamins in the nutrition.

Vitamin A

Deficiency malnutrition: Deficiency of vitamin A causes low testosterone levels, night blindness and Xerophthalmia. In Xerophthalmia the eye fails to produce tears leading to dryness of cornea and conjunctiva.

Excess nutrition disorders: Hypervitaminosis A is the condition caused by excess of vitamin A. The malnutrition effects include angular cheilitis, hair loss, excessively dry skin, birth defects, nausea and vomiting, headache, blurred vision and reduced muscle coordination.

Vitamin B₁

Deficiency malnutrition: The deficiency of vitamin B1 in nutrition causes Beriberi leading to neurodegeneration, wasting and death.

Excess nutrition: Adverse effects are not recorded for higher doses.

Vitamin B₂

Deficiency malnutrition: Deficiency of riboflavin (vitamin B2) gives rise to a medical condition called Ariboflavinos. This characterised by sore throat, cracking of the lips and corners of the mouth, glossitis and seborrheic dermatitis.

Excess: No averse effects are reported for excess consumption of riboflavin.

Vitamin B₃

Deficiency malnutrition: Deficiency of niacin leads to Pellagra.

The affected person suffers from hypersensitivity to light, diarrhea, dementia and dermatitis.

Excess nutrition disorders: excess of niacin can cause birth defects, cardiac arrhythmias and dyspepsia.

Vitamin B₆

Deficiency malnutrition: Lack of vitamin B6 causes seizures, nerve damage, anemia, skin problems and mouth sores.

Excess nutrition: Overdose causes neurological problems like numbness, staggering and poor coordination.

Vitamin B₇

Deficiency malnutrition: Hair loss, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, depression and hallucination are some of the symptoms of deficiency.

Excess: No adverse effects are reported for excess consumption.

Vitamin B₉

Deficiency malnutrition: Neural tube defects in developing embryos and impaired DNA synthesis and repair are some of the effects of deficiency.

Excess disorders: No adverse reactions are found for overdose.

Vitamin B₁₂

Deficiency diseases: Pernicious anemia occurs when there is nutrition deficiency of this vitamin. Symptoms like sore tongue, weakness, paraesthesias, diarrhea and memory changes are seen. Excess disorders: No adverse effects have been reported in case of heavy doses of vitamin B12.

Vitamin C

Deficiency: Scurvy is the result of deficiency of vitamin C.

Symptoms include bleeding gums and mucous membranes and suppurating wounds.

Excess nutrition: Excess of vitamin C may lead to diarrhea and upset stomach.

Vitamin D

Deficiency malnutrition diseases: Deficiency of vitamin D causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.

Excess nutrition disorders: Excess of vitamin D leads to hypervitaminosis D with vomiting, dehydration and constipation.

Vitamin E

Deficiency malnutrition: Vitamin E deficiency causes poor nerve conduction and neurological problems.

Excess nutrition disorders: Hypervitaminosis E is the result excess of vitamin E, leading to excessive bleeding.

Vitamin K

Deficiency malnutrition: Vitamin K is required for blood coagulation and the deficiency leads to hemorrhage.

Excess disorders: There are no adverse effects of excess consumption of vitamin K.

Diseases and conditions causing malnutrition and nutrition disorders

• AIDS
• Achalasia (esophageal motility disorders)
• Alzheimer diseases ( Senile Dementia)
• Autoimmune enteropathy (intestinal wall is attacked by one's own immune system)
• Blind loop syndrome disorders(medical condition of obstructed intestine)
• Boyd-Stearns syndrome (metabolic disorders)
• Brinton diseases (thickening and hardening of stomach wall)
• Cystic Fibrosis (common hereditary diseases)
• Chronic heart diseases
• Celiac diseases
• Chronic renal diseases
• Chronic lung diseases
• Chronic diarrhea
• Congenital microvillous atrophy (chronic, intractable diarrhea in new-born infants)
• Congenital sucrose-isomaltose malabsorption (congental deficiency or absence of the enzymes sucrase and isomaltase)
• Chylomicron Retention Diseases (disorders of fat absorption)
• Dementia (a serious loss of cognitive ability)
• Eating disorders (psychiatric diseases of eating)
• Galactosemia (rare genetic metabolic disorders)
• pernicious anemia
• Pancreatic insufficiency
• Patau syndrome disorders(a chromosomal abnormality)
• Short bowel syndrome (complete dysfunction of a large segment of bowel)
• Third degree burns
• Tuberculosis
• Renal failure diseases
• Sepsis
• Ulcerative colitis
• Whooping Cough
• Surgery
• Trauma
• Pregnancy
• Dyspepsia

Consumption of nutrients in balanced manner is the only way to avoid nutrition disorders and malnutrition diseases.

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Causes of malnutrition - Poverty - Hunger

Home › Nutritional deficiency › Malnutrition - Causes - Poverty - Hunger

Poverty and hunger causes malnutrition

Proper balanced nutrition is required for the function of life process.

Poverty and the resultant hunger causes malnutrition in populations, as food become beyond their reach due to high prices. Even in United States, a Symbol of Affluence, after the economic meltdown there are many households with low-income who do not always have sufficient healthy food to eat and suffer poverty and hunger.
Most of the hunger and lack of food occurs not due to lack of availability of food, but due to poverty making people ill-afford it.
As protein rich food is usually priced high, it causes people in poverty, to knowingly opt for malnutrition by going in for cheaper calorie rich food to satisfy their hunger.
Poverty and hunger have devastating effect on children.

Worldwide, poverty, hunger and malnutrition are the causes for more than 50% of the childhood deaths.

Malnutrition for a prolonged period of time affects physical and mental development of poverty and hunger affected children for the rest of their lives.

This causes reduction in capabilities and starts a poverty and hunger cycle as they become less suitable in the competitive job market; their children again become victims of poverty and hunger.

Lack of balance in food habits causes malnutrition

Poverty or no poverty, malnutrition can also be due to unbalanced consumption of nutrients.

The deficiency of proteins and/or micro nutrients creeps into the health of many people due to malnutrition.

Initially this goes unnoticed and manifests and causes devastating effects after a long period of time.

Deficiency of vitamins and minerals due to their undernourishment or malnutrition causes people to get affected by deficiency diseases like anemia, loss of vision, rickets and osteomalacia, scurvy and beriberi without suffering either poverty or pangs of hunger.

This malnutrition arises due to their food habits and lack of knowledge about nutritional requirements.

Excess and over consumption of food causes malnutrition

Malnutrition arises not only due to poverty and hunger but also due to excess consumption of nutrients.

The excess consumption of calories is usually accompanied by protein and micro nutrient deficiency and causes malnutrition.

Occupying the upper and middle class of the society in many developing countries (which are afflicted by poverty), these segments of population following the human inclination for sweet and fatty food, load themselves with red meat products and nutritionally empty and calorie rich fast foods; Ironically they also suffer malnutrition of micro nutrients and are afflicted with obesity and related health problems though are free from poverty.

This coupled with reduced physical activity causes a large section of them to suffer from heart diseases.

Health disorder causes malnutrition

The risk of malnutrition increases in chronic illness. Especially diseases of gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney have an immediate impact on the nutritional status of the affected person.

Diseases of chronic nature like, coeliac disease, cancer and AIDS interfere with the absorption and utilization of certain nutrients leading to a state of chronic deficiency and malnutrition.

Some of the predisposing factors which lead to of malnutrition are, lactose intolerance, burns, fractures, trauma, pancreatitis, chronic nausea and vomiting, impaired intake, dysphagia, anorexia, cystic fibrosis and malabsorption.

Addiction to drugs or alcohol causes malnutrition

People who have developed dependency to alcohol or drugs may neglect their diet requirements due to reduced sense of hunger.

These habits affect their work and financial status pushing them into poverty and hunger.

Further dependency for a long period can affect their body organs like liver leading to inefficient absorption and utilization of nutrients leading to malnutrition.

Wars and conflicts are causes of malnutrition

Wars, conflicts and civil-wars ruin nations of their productivity and drag the inhabitants into poverty and hunger.

Conflict causes the supply mechanism gets derailed and the surplus food production regions of the nation get stagnation of the produce and suffering its loss due to lack of storage facilities slip into financial problems and hunger.

The deficit regions suffer non-availability of food.

Another aspect of the war is that it makes people to flee from their homes in the war zone; as refugees they become totally helpless and fully dependent on doles from relief agencies to stave off hunger.

Natural disaster causes malnutrition

When natural disasters like, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and tsunamis strike, many a breadwinner is lost in the calamity, pushing the survivors of his family into poverty and hunger.

The survivors lose their land, property and wherewithal of their livelihood and get thrown into a life of poverty and hunger.

Poor sanitation and unsafe water causes malnutrition

Poor sanitation and hygiene leads to communicable diseases like hepatitis and gastroenteritis to prevail in groups of population.

These affliction can affect the liver and gastrointestinal tract due to which absorption and utilization of nutrients is affected and leads to malnutrition.

Unsafe water carries  many waterborne diseases in the children in poverty ridden countries.

Gender bias and neglect of child nutrition causes malnutrition

In the third world countries, especially in South Asia, there is lack of care of women and children.

Pregnant women are not properly cared for their increased nutritional needs and causes malnutrition in them; this may happen both in poverty and hunger or in affluence. This in turn makes children born to them suffer malnutrition.

The newborn gets milk poor in quality from a week mother and the infant's growth is affected.

The switch towards formula feed and cow milk starves the infant of vital antibodies from the mother, making the infant susceptible to infections and diseases.

Old age related causes of malnutrition

Every fourth elderly American is affected by malnutrition.

Elderly people in all developed and underdeveloped countries suffer from protein and micronutrient malnutrition, for which the causes are many.

Energy needs of the elderly decreases without change in the requirements of other nutrients.

The food balance has to change with slight reduction in carbohydrates without change in the balance of other nutrients.

The shift from the traditional natural food sources of their younger days to modern processed food of present days decreases their nutritional balance and causes malnutrition.

The nutritional status of elderly people is negatively impacted by the mental and physiological changes due to aging and hunger.

With decreased sense of smell and taste, food appears bland to them and causes reduction in their appetite and hunger.

Problem of dental and oral health, difficulty in chewing food and difficulty in digestion leads to reduced intake of food and malnutrition.

The progressive loss of hearing and vision in elderly makes them less mobile and reduces their physical activity.

Their immunity decreases with malnutrition, causes them to suffer many old age diseases.

This depletes their finances and makes them to suffer from poverty and hunger.

Another aspect of malnutrition is food distribution.

It is estimated by FAO (food and agriculture Organization) that 80% of the children suffering lack of food and hunger are from developing countries which have food surplus. It is due to poverty or supplies not reaching them.

The shift towards primary and commodity market for safer investments causes the food prices to sky-rocket sinking vulnerable populations into poverty, hunger and malnutrition.

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What is malnutrition?

Home › What is malnutrition?

The provision of nutrients for the health and growth of a living organism is called nourishment or nutrition. Imbalanced, excessive or insufficient intake of nutrients is malnutrition.

What is malnutrition and nutrition?

All living beings, including humans rely on external inputs as nutrition for their life process, health, growth and survival.

Major requirements for metabolism and life processes are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water.

These nutrition requirements, depending upon the quantity required for human health, are also categorized as macro nutrients and micronutrients.

Macronutrients: Macronutrients are required in greater quantities for health and life process. They include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fiber and water.

Micronutrients: Micronutrients are required in smaller quantities for health and function of life processes.

Minerals and vitamins are the micronutrient nutrition requirements for health, the lack of which leads to malnutrition.

Though oxygen in the air is the very basis of health and life process in humans, it is not listed as nutrient due its abundant availability in nature.

The nutrition requirements of the higher animals are mostly similar regarding macronutrients and micronutrients.

However there are differences in the requirements of some of the essential nutrients.

The nutrition requirements can again be categorized as essential nutrients and nonessential nutrients.

Many organisms synthesize certain nutrient requirements in biological processes in their body in sufficient quantities.

Hence outsourcing these nutrients from diet is not essential for that particular organism for that specific nutrient (eg.vitamin C in the case of goat).

Essential nutrients: Essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins and dietary minerals are some of the nutrients which are essential for the human nutrition, health and life process. The lack of these in food causes malnutrition.

These essential nutrients are to obtained from diet as either they are not synthesized by the human body or cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities (eg. vitamin C).

MyPyramid (enlarge)

Malnutrition and health

The imbalanced, excessive or insufficient consumption of nutrients is referred as malnutrition.

Malnutrition due to insufficient availability: Malnutrition due to insufficiency in nutrition can be due to many reasons. Most important being poverty, high food prices, famine due to drought or blight of major food crop, chronic illness, antinutrients in the food, regional non availability, lack of breastfeeding in early infancy etc..

Starvation (enlarge) Malnutrition due to unbalanced consumption of nutrients: Though food as such is available in sufficient quantities, it may be having excess of one or more nutrients when compared to others, affecting health.

Inversely the food may be lacking sufficient quantities of certain nutrients. This is termed as unbalanced nutrition.

Dependence of single source of food is a classic example of this.

Malnutrition due to excessive consumption of nutrients: With affluence or plenty of cheap food supply, food may be consumed in excess of body's nutrition requirement. Lifestyles encouraging consumption of non-nutritious food, sugar and fat loaded foods affect health and leads to malnutrition.

Overeating is also a type of malnutrition. This can lead to health problems like obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart diseases etc.

What are the dangers of malnutrition?

It is estimated that nearly 60% mortality in the world is due to hunger or hunger induced malnutrition related deficiencies and diseases.

Malnutrition decreases the immunity and increases risk of diseases like tuberculosis.

Deficiency in the availability of certain critical nutrients like vitamins and minerals lead to poor health and deficiency diseases like, pellagra, scurvy, beriberi, rickets, goiters, cretinism, anemia and mental impairments.

Food habits encouraging the use of 'junk food' have increased the risks of cancer, type 2 diabetes, poor immunity and heart diseases.

What is to be done to fight malnutrition?

The whole world is producing more food than the nutrition requirement of the world population. Malnutrition can be overcome by food aid to under-developed countries, supply of fortified food to populations in risk nutrition and publicity and campaign efforts at all levels for promoting balanced nutrition for good health.

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Scurvy - Disease of vitamin C deficiency

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Scurvy is a historically documented disease and was encountered in earlier days by sailors on long voyages foregoing fresh fruits and vegetables.

Scurvy is a disease caused by the insufficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

Though many animals can synthesize it in their body and are free from scurvy, unfortunately man has to depend on his food sources for vitamin C.

Health care and nutrition guidelines recommend a daily intake of 75 to 100mg of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

Inadequate or irregular intake of ascorbic acid can lead to clinical manifestations of this disease in two to three months.

Initial symptoms of scurvy disease include lethargy, tiredness and malaise.

Vitamin C molecule pictures - ball and stick model (enlarge)

With chronic deficiency scurvy progresses and is characterised by spongy gums, bleeding gums, loosened teeth, bleeding beneath the skin, bleeding from the mucous membranes, extreme weakness, myalgia, anemia, pain in the bones, easy bruising and retarded wound healing, oedema, perifolicular hemorrhage and corkscrew hairs and depression.

Scurvy disease pictures: Hemorrhage of gums caused by vitamin C deficiency (enlarge) In its severity and in extreme stages scurvy disease is life threatening causing extreme edema, acute bleeding, neuropathy, jaundice, haemolysis, convulsions, fever and death. Scurvy pictures - corkscrew hair condition caused by ascorbic acid deficiency (enlarge) As ascorbic acid is lost over storage and heating present day food habits are to be monitored to check the possibility of deficiency of vitamin C.

A relationship appears to be present between alcoholism and vitamin C.

Scurvy pictures - bleeding behind the fingernails (enlarge)

When blood levels of alcohol are high, vitamin C appears to be excreted in urine in greater quantities causing deficiency.

This can be treated by supplementation of ascorbic acid in high doses till recovery.

Pictures of Citrus fruits - rich in ascorbic acid (enlarge)

For more information on vitamin C deficiency please visit my web site http://www.thedynamicnature.com.

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Rachitis disease in children

Home › Nutritional deficiency › Rachitis disease in children

Rachitis is the disorder of the bones in children leading to their weakening and softening due to deficiency of vitamin D and then calcium.

Rickets is believed to be the distortion of the word 'wrickken'(meaning 'twist') used in the old English dialect. The scientific name 'rachitis' is derived from Greek meaning 'inflammation of the spine'.

It is caused primarily due to deficiency of vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) and also calcium and phosphate.

Although the deficiency of vitamin D may occur in adults it is called osteomalacia. Mostly, the incidence of this disease is found in malnourished children with deficiency in sun exposure.

Calcium is an essential mineral for the formation of bones and its absorption in intestine is dependent upon the availability of vitamin D in the system.

With sufficient sun exposure all the required vitamin D can be synthesized by the skin.

In youngsters with poor exposure to sunlight, the synthesis of this nutrient is affected causing rachitis.

This in turn affects the absorption of calcium in the intestines and rachitis disease is caused.

Moreover Cholecalciferol controls the levels of essential minerals like calcium and phosphorus in the blood.

Deformities in the skeleton like pigeon chest, bowed legs and spinal and pelvic deformities are some of the signs of rachitis.

Breast-fed infants who are not exposed to sufficient sun light may develop the condition.

Infants of mothers who are not exposed to sunlight can also develop the disease.

Children who are lactose intolerant and are with darker skin are also predisposed to develop rachitis.

Children are affected by rachitis (enlarge)(courtesy: Dr. Tom and Rosie Thacher)

Children in the age group of six months to two years are among the high risk groups for this disease as their bone growth is at a faster rate.

Vitamin D supplements are advised for breastfed infants above 2 months.

Any deficiency at this age and negligence can cause bowed legs and bent backs leading to permanent disability and affliction of rachitis.

Some of the symptoms are pain and tenderness in the bones, muscular pains and predisposition for bone fractures; dental deformities like delay in the formation of teeth and defects in their structure is also seen in rachitis affected.

Distorted skull formation and retarded growth are the other effects of the disease.

Blood tests of the affected children show low levels of serum calcium and serum phosphorus rachitis affected.

This deficiency of vitamin D caused rachitis can be corrected completely, if diagnosed early and treated.

Exposure to sun light, intake of food rich in all essential nutrients and minerals and intake of supplements when required can cure rachitis.

Sufficient intake of milk, milk products, vegetables, fish,egg and fish liver oils in addition to sunlight can prevent the disease in children.

Renal disorders and hereditary factors can also become the causative factors of rachitis disease in children.

Related topics of interest:

• Causes of rachitis disease
• Symptom
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Prevention
• Osteomalacia (in adults)

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Vitamin C vegetables - richest sources

Home › Nutritional deficiency › Vitamin C vegetables sources

Presence of vitamin C in vegetables is quite significant. However vitamin C decomposes in many of the cooking processes.

The vitamin C availability in vegetables decreases inversely in proportion with the length of storage and the temperature at which stored.
Longer cooking duration and boiling for longer time causes reduction in the availability of vitamin C.
Another loss of vitamin C from vegetables is by leeching into the water used in cooking.
To safe guard the nutritional value, immediate refrigeration, cooking in smaller quantities of water and avoiding prolonged cooking may be resorted to.
Discussed here under are some of the high vitamin c sources.

Red pepper (Capsicum sp.)

Red pepper is one of the high vitamin C foods among vegetables (190 mg per 100 grams). Red pepper is also known as capsicum or just pepper.
Red pepper belongs to the family Solanaceae to which tomato also belongs. Red pepper is a native plant of Americas.
Red pepper are used raw in salads and are also cooked and used in the preparation of various dishes. Red pepper is also preserved by drying, freezing or pickling.
Capsicum - good sources of vitamin C (enlarge)

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea)

Broccoli is one of the high vitamin C sources among vegetables. Broccoli contains 90 mg of vitamin C per 100 grams of the weight. Broccoli belongs the cabbage family Brassicaceae. Broccoli resembles cauliflower and has green colored flower head.
It is believed that broccoli has evolved from wild cabbage plants in Europe.
Broccoli is rich in minerals and antioxidants. Broccoli has diindolylmethane and selenium which have anti-cancer properties.
Broccoli - good sources (enlarge)

Brussels sprouts (Brassica sp.)

Brussels sprouts are rich with Vitamin C among vegetables (80 mg per 100 grams).
Brussels sprouts belong to the cabbage family Brassicaceae prevalent in Europe. Brussels sprouts resemble cabbages and are miniature in size, 2.5-4 Cm in diameter appearing as green leafy buds. Brussels sprouts particularly prefer cooler temperatures of the range between 7-24 C. giving high yields at 15-18 C.
Brussels sprouts - good vitamin C sources (enlarge)

Cauliflower (Brassica sp.)

Cauliflower contains 40 mg of vitamin C per 100 gms.of these vegetables. Cauliflowers belong to the cabbage family Brassicaceae.
They are grown in Europe and its tropical varieties are grown in Asian countries.
Cauliflower is an annual plant and is propagated by seeds. Cauliflowers are cooked or pickled and have good nutritional density.
Cauliflower - good sources for vitamin C (enlarge)

Garlic (Allium sativum)

Garlic contain 31 mg of vitamin C per 100 gms of these vegetables.
Garlic belongs to the onion family Alliaceae. There is widespread use of garlic, through out the world for medicinal and culinary purposes.
Garlic is very easy to grow and usually is not attacked by pests. Garlic has been found to have antioxidant, anti fungal, antiviral and antibacterial properties.
Garlic - good vitamin C sources (enlarge)

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

Spinach contain 30 mg of vitamin C for every 100 gms. These leafy vegetables belong to the family of Amaranthaceae. Spinach is native to Asia (India and Nepal) and grows to a height of about 30 cms.
Spinach is rich in minerals especially iron. Spinach leaves are rich in vitamins C, A, E, K, iron, calcium, copper, phosphorus, zinc and fatty acids.
Spinach - good sources (enlarge)

Cabbage

Cabbages are sources containing 30 mg of vitamin C per 100 gms of these vegetables.
Cabbage belong to the family of Brassicaceae and is a herbacious, biennial flowering plant with short stem and crowned mass of leaves.
Cabbage originated from Mediterranean region and is all over the world presently. China and India are the foremost countries in the production of cabbage.
Cabbage is rich in amino acid glutamine which has anti-inflammatory properties.
Cabbage - good sources (enlarge)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Potatoes contain 20 mg of vitamin C per 100gms of these tuberous vegetables.
Potato belong to the family Solanaceae and is perennial. Potato is native to the Americas and was introduced to Europe in 15th century.
Potato plants are herbaceous and perennial growing to a height of about two feet. There are many varieties of potatoes with different colors, sizes and shapes.
Potato is rich in starch and also contains polyphenols and carotenoids.
Potato contains iron, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, niacin, riboflavin and thiamine.
Potato - good sources (enlarge)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Tomato are sources containing 10 mg of vitamin C per 100 gms of these vegetables.
Tomato vegetables belong to the family Solanaceae and is seasonal, herbaceous and sprawling plant.
Tomato plants usually grow up to 2 meters in height and the stem is woody and weak.
Tomato plant is native to South America and has been introduced to all regions of the world.
Tomato - good vegetables sources of vitamin C (enlarge)

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High protein food sources

Home › High Protein food sources

Proteins in cereal food sources

Corn and rice, the staple food sources of the third world are poor in proteins and are leading to obesity of the populations due to high carbohydrate content of these cereals.

Protein food sources	Value per 100g
	Unit	Protein	fats	Carbohydrate	Energy
Wheat flour, whole grain	gram	13.70	1.87	72.57	339 kcal
Rice, white,medium, raw	gram	6.61	0.58	79.34	360 kcal
Corn flour whole grain	gram	6.93	3.86	76.85	361 kcal
Barley flour	gram	10.50	1.60	74.52	345 kcal
oats	gram	16.89	6.90	66.27	389 kcal
Finger millet (ragi)	gram	7.3	1.3	72.00	328 kcal
Millet, raw	gram	11.02	4.22	72.85	378 kcal
Sorghum	grams	11.30	3.30	74.63	339 kcal
Rye flour, medium	gram	10.88	1.52	75.43	349 kcal
Triticale flour, whole-grain	gram	13.18	1.81	73.14	338 kcal
Teff, uncooked	gram	13.30	2.38	73.13	367 kcal
Buckwheat	grams	13.25	3.40	71.50	343 kcal
Quinoa, uncooked	gram	14.12	6.07	64.16	368 kcal

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High protein vegetarian food sources

High Protein food sources	Value per 100g
	Unit	Protein	fats	Carbohydrate	Energy
Soy flour, defatted sources	gram	47.01	1.22	38.37	330 kcal
Soy meal, defatted, raw	gram	49.20	2.39	35.89	337 kcal
Soybeans, mature seeds boiled	gram	16.64	8.97	9.93	173 kcal
Soybeans, green, boiled	gram	12.35	6.40	11.05	141 kcal
Soy milk, original	gram	3.27	1.75	6.28	54.5 kcal
Tofu, raw	gram	8.08	4.78	1.88	76.5 kcal
Soy protein isolate	gram	80.69	3.39	7.36	338 kcal
Cashew dry roasted	gram	15.31	46.35	32.69	574 kcal
almonds	gram	21.22	49.42	21.67	575 kcal
Peanuts, all types, raw	gram	25.80	49.24	16.13	567 kcal
Peanut flour, defatted	gram	52.20	0.55	34.70	327 kcal
Peanut butter, chunk	gram	24.06	49.94	21.57	589 kcal
pumpkin seed kernels,dried	gram	30.23	49.05	10.71	559 kcal
Lima beans, mature seeds, raw	gram	21.46	0.69	63.38	338 kcal
Kidney beans mature raw seeds	gram	23.58	0.83	60.01	333 kcal
Peas, green, raw	gram	5.42	0.40	14.45	81.5 kcal
Peas, split, mature seeds, raw	gram	24.55	1.16	60.37	341 kcal
Chickpeas (garbanzo beans, Bengal gram), mature seeds	gram	19.30	6.04	60.64	364 kcal
Yeast extract spread	gram	27.80	0.00	11.80	158 kcal
Spirulina, dried	gram	57.47	7.72	23.90	290 kcal

High protein food sources of animal origin

High Protein food sources	Value per 100g of food
	Unit	Protein	fats	Carbohydrate	Energy
Milk, whole, 3.25% milk fat	gram	3.15	3.27	4.78	61.5 kcal
Yogurt, plain, low fat	gram	5.25	1.55	7.04	63.5 kcal
Cheese, cheddar	gram	24.90	33.14	1.28	403 kcal
Cheese, cottage, low fat	gram	12.39	1.02	2.72	72.5 kcal
Egg, whole, raw, fresh	gram	12.57	9.94	0.78	143 kcal
Chicken, breast, meat	gram	21.23	2.59	0.00	114 kcal
Turkey breast meat	gram	17.07	1.66	4.21	104 kcal
Fish, cod, raw	gram	17.81	0.67	0.00	82.5 kcal
Fish, tuna, fresh, skipjack, raw	gram	22.00	1.01	0.00	103 kcal
Fish, tuna, white, canned, solid	gram	23.62	2.97	0.00	128 kcal
Lamb meat raw	gram	20.0	5.0	0.00	135 kcal
Beef, Center Cut Steak	gram	20.67	5.88	0.00	141 kcal

compiled from USDA database
Popular topics:
What is protein made of?
Types
synthesis
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Daily protein requirements

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