Showing posts with label zinc. Show all posts
Showing posts with label zinc. Show all posts
Category: Zinc
Zinc immune system function - Disease resistance in human body
Jan 2014
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Zinc immune system function and disease resistance in human body
Zinc, an essential trace mineral, exerts its ubiquitous effects on the function of the immune system in human body and modulates its disease resistance.
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The basic cellular functions of Zinc in human body are in gene expression, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication, ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcription, cell membranes stability, and cell activation, division, proliferation and apoptosis.
Zinc and disease resistance in human body
Many research studies have documented that zinc has a pivotal role in the function in immune system of human body. It has been found to increase the infection resistance in human body. Its deficiency has been associated with recurrent episodes of diarrhea in children. Administration of zinc lozenges has been found to decrease the severity and duration of common cold. In many incidences of infections, lower plasma concentrations of this trace mineral have been recorded.However it is to be noted that there is a delicate zinc mediated regulation of the function of immune system in human body and any increased or decreased plasma levels of the trace mineral can disturb the function of the system. Reduction in taste acuity, growth retardation, retardation of reproductive growth, skin diseases, immune depression and slowed healing of wound are some of the clinical symptoms of marginally low plasma levels (<60 mcg/dL) of zinc on the human body systems. Very low plasma levels (<30 mcg/dL) are characterized by mental impairment, diseases, severe immune depression and alopecia.
Excess zinc and immune depression
On the negative side, excess supplementation of zinc is associated with disease resistance depression and a myriad of health issues and diseases. As the pathogens also require this mineral for their cellular functions, excess of this trace mineral may in fact increase the progression of diseases as found in some AID patients. However multifarious factors affect the availability of zinc for both the host human body as well as the pathogen and this aspect of immune system requires further research input.Zinc and innate immune system
The nonspecific protective mechanism is affected by zinc deficiency with the effects like damages to epidermis, damages to pulmonary tract and gastrointestinal tract lining. As a consequence, diseases of skin, gastrointestinal and respiratory systems crop up. The functions of neutrophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are affected. The function of Natural killer cells and the complementary activities get compromised.Zinc and specific immunity
Zinc deficiency causes reduction in the number of T and B lymphocytes present in the spleen tissue as well as in the peripheral blood. T and B lymphocytes function is depressed and their presence is reduced. In animal studies gestational deficiency of this trace mineral has been found to have epigenetic effects by which some immunodeficiency get passed on even to third generation offspring.
immune system development
Thymus is the organ for T lymphocyte development and zinc deficiency leads to thymic involution and thymic atrophy, causing reduction of T lymphocytes. With the reduction of T lymphocytes, many protective mechanisms in human body like antigen recognition, cell proliferation, cytolysis, delayed hypersensitivity and cytotoxic activities are suppressed. Bone marrow is the center for the development of B lymphocytes. In case of deficiency the development of B lymphocytes is blocked and results in compromise of production of antibody molecules, especially immunoglobulin G in human body. The function of macrophage in phagocytosis of disease microbes is deregulated.
The intra and extracellular reactions of zinc in human body clearly demonstrate its central role in defence from diseases and priming up immune system.
Excess zinc side effects - Zinc overdose symptoms
Excess zinc and overdose levels have adverse and serious effects on our health. From food sources, people can rarely reach overdose levels.
However intake of supplements in excess and use of zinc products can be harmful, leading to copper deficiency and resultant neurological damage. As specific minerals may serve different functions in the body, the symptoms of excess or low levels may be numerous.
USDA Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for zinc is 11 mg/day for men and 8 mg/day for women. The recent median intake of this trace mineral from food in United States is approximately 14 mg/day for men and 11 mg/day for women. For an adult, FDA approved Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of supplements of this trace mineral is 40 mg/day and consumption in excess of this level can pose certain risks.
The immediate acute effects of overdose of this trace mineral are metallic taste in the mouth, headache, epigastric pain, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and related gastrointestinal distress.
Copper and iron metabolism
Zinc overdose suppresses copper and iron absorption and leads to nutritional deficiency of these trace minerals, anemia and neurological problems.
Overdose of 200-300 mg/day has been found to induce copper deficiency and connected neurological problems.
Prolonged use of its supplements ranging about 150 mg per day, apart from low copper status and decreased iron function, can result in red blood cell microcytosis, a type of anemia characterized by small red blood cells.
Neutropenia, a condition of an abnormally low number of neutrophils (white blood cells) may also result due to excess and overdose of the mineral.
Urinary and genital complications
In a trial on elderly men, an intake at 80 mg/day has shown increased urinary complications and hospitalizations.
Taking excess of this mineral in the form of supplements may cause its elevated levels in prostate gland and may increase the risk factors of enlarged prostrate gland or prostate cancer.
Zinc and medications
This mineral may interfere with the absorption of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, quinolone, trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin, tetracycline, demeclocycline and minocycline.
There is interaction in the gastrointestinal tract when both the mineral and antibiotic are taken together. and the absorption of both antibiotic and the mineral is inhibited. Differing the intake time of the supplement by at least 2-4 hours before or after the intake of antibiotic may solve the problem.
Similarly its overdose interferes with the absorption of rheumatoid arthritis drug, penicillamine, and spacing the intake time by at least two hours helps in the absorption of both.
Suppression of immune response, loss of smell sense, decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and renal failure are some of the adverse effects of chronic overdose with its supplements.
USDA Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for zinc is 11 mg/day for men and 8 mg/day for women. The recent median intake of this trace mineral from food in United States is approximately 14 mg/day for men and 11 mg/day for women. For an adult, FDA approved Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of supplements of this trace mineral is 40 mg/day and consumption in excess of this level can pose certain risks.
Effects of zinc overdose
gastrointestinal distressThe immediate acute effects of overdose of this trace mineral are metallic taste in the mouth, headache, epigastric pain, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and related gastrointestinal distress.
Copper and iron metabolism
Zinc overdose suppresses copper and iron absorption and leads to nutritional deficiency of these trace minerals, anemia and neurological problems.
Overdose of 200-300 mg/day has been found to induce copper deficiency and connected neurological problems.
Prolonged use of its supplements ranging about 150 mg per day, apart from low copper status and decreased iron function, can result in red blood cell microcytosis, a type of anemia characterized by small red blood cells.
Neutropenia, a condition of an abnormally low number of neutrophils (white blood cells) may also result due to excess and overdose of the mineral.
Urinary and genital complications
In a trial on elderly men, an intake at 80 mg/day has shown increased urinary complications and hospitalizations.
Taking excess of this mineral in the form of supplements may cause its elevated levels in prostate gland and may increase the risk factors of enlarged prostrate gland or prostate cancer.
Zinc and medications
This mineral may interfere with the absorption of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, quinolone, trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin, tetracycline, demeclocycline and minocycline.
There is interaction in the gastrointestinal tract when both the mineral and antibiotic are taken together. and the absorption of both antibiotic and the mineral is inhibited. Differing the intake time of the supplement by at least 2-4 hours before or after the intake of antibiotic may solve the problem.
Similarly its overdose interferes with the absorption of rheumatoid arthritis drug, penicillamine, and spacing the intake time by at least two hours helps in the absorption of both.
Suppression of immune response, loss of smell sense, decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and renal failure are some of the adverse effects of chronic overdose with its supplements.
Channels to excess zinc levels
- Taking its supplements in excess of the recommended dosage,
- eating or drinking acidic food from zinc containers or containers galvanized with this metal,
- swallowing things made of its metallic form,
- inhaling freshly formed zinc oxide fumes,
- ingestion through overuse of denture adhesive creams,
- nasal sprays containing this trace mineral,
- Frequent use of cold lozenges containing the trace mineral,
- accidental consumption of topical products containing zinc,
- drinking well-water contaminated by zinc fertilizers,
- accumulation in patients with acute renal failure,
- haemochromatosis patients may accumulate excess zinc levels,
Related topics:
Health benefits
Role in immunity
Current Nutrition Deficiency and Diseases' topic : Zinc overdose - Excess zinc
Health benefits
Role in immunity
Current Nutrition Deficiency and Diseases' topic : Zinc overdose - Excess zinc
Zinc for diarrhea - Pediatric diarrhea
Childhood diarrhea (pediatric diarrhea) is the major cause of morbidity, undernourishment and mortality in newborns, infants, toddlers and children in developing countries.
Role of zinc in treatment of pediatric diarrhea
Zinc is being assessed for more than twenty years for efficacy in treatment of pediatric diarrhea. Most of the studies have proved its usefulness as adjunct to ORS (oral rehydration solution) in treatment of acute diarrhea and reduction in its severity and duration. However it is to be noted that ORS remains the mainstay of diarrhea therapy as the rehydration is the top most priority. Zinc gives the added benefits of reduced stool volume, reduced stool frequency and reduced duration of the episode. Further, this trace mineral has been found to reduce the recurrent incidences of pediatric diarrhea in treated patients. WHO recommends that, in addition to reduced osmolarity ORS, zinc at the rate of 10-20 mg/day be given for 10 - 14 days for all children suffering from diarrhea.Sadly, there is very slow progress in implementation of these revised guidelines by the world nations.
For example, although the Government of India, under the National Rural Health Mission, has provided for low osmolarity ORS and zinc through the public health system, a UNICEF survey in India documented less than 1% zinc prescriptions for pediatric diarrhea.
The main reason is lack of awareness about the efficacy and cost-effectiveness in these diarrhea treatment methods, even among the health care providers.
Reduced low osmolarity WHO-ORS
WHO is its latest recommendations has advised oral rehydration therapy (ORT) with ORS developed for global use in pediatric diarrhea. This improved hypotonic WHO-ORS is more effective and has lower osmolarity with reduced sodium and glucose concentrations. In comparison with earlier standard ORS, there is less vomiting, less stool output and reduced need for intravenous infusions on using this reduced osmolarity ORS.Oral rehydration solution (ORS) constituents - Composition by weight
| Reduced osmolarity ORS | grams/liter |
| Sodium chloride | 2.6 |
| Glucose, anhydrous | 13.5 |
| Potassium chloride | 1.5 |
| Trisodium citrate, dihydrate | 2.9 |
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) constituents - Composition by molar concentrations
| Reduced osmolarity ORS | mmol/litre |
| Sodium | 75 |
| Chloride | 65 |
| Glucose, anhydrous | 75 |
| Potassium | 20 |
| Citrate | 10 |
| Total Osmolarity | 245 |
Mechanism of Action of zinc in Pediatric diarrhea
It is a well known fact that this trace mineral is required in many metabolic activities in the human body.It is a critical component of many metallo-enzymes and mediates in gene transcription.
It has a central role in cellular and immune functions.
It is found to improve the absorption water and electrolytes.
As it improves the cell division and cell growth, it has positive effects on the repair and regeneration of intestinal epithelium.
Brush border is the microvilli covered surface of small intestine and has enzymes helping absorption. This trace mineral helps in the production of these brush border enzymes.
By the immunity enhancing activity of this trace mineral, the pathogens responsible for diarrhea are resisted and there is better clearance of these harmful organisms from the digestive tract.
Thus many studies evaluating the efficacy of zinc supplementation have established that it has a preventive, protective and lasting impact on pediatric diarrhea.
Related topics:
Zinc health benefits
Food sources
Signs and symptoms of deficiency
Role in immunity
Current topic : Zinc for diarrhea - pediatric diarrhea
Zinc deficiency -Signs and symptoms
The symptoms of zinc deficiency vary widely among individuals. Zinc insufficiency manifest with multifarious indications based on the level of shortfall, food habits, gender of the patient, age group, general health status and presence of other diseases.
Growth retardation and weight loss
If the insufficiency is during pregnancy, the newborn shows birth defects and low birth weight. There is retarded physical and mental growth in affected children. Stunted growth, bowed limbs, dwarfism, scoliosis, pectus excavatum and poor reproductive growth are observed in children.
Impairment of cognitive and motor function
In adults, cognitive impairment, memory impairment, attention deficits, sleep problems and generalized disorganization of behavior are observed. In children learning of motor skills and memory functions are affected.
Decreased appetite
Anorexia or decreased appetite is among the initial indication of insufficiency. As anorexia and decreased food intake are causes of deficiency, a vicious cycle gets created.
Decreased sense of taste and smell
Zinc is necessary for the growth, development and function of taste and smell sensors and receptors.
The impairment of smell and taste senses is found to reverse with supplementation.
Diarrhea
Frequent diarrhea and stomach infections are symptoms of zinc deficit.
In the third world, zinc and ORS are of top priority in child patients suffering diarrhea, as invariably they show deficit of this trace mineral.
Degenerative diseases
Rapid progress in age related macular degeneration (AMD) and age-related eye disease (ARED) and loss of visual acuity are encountered.
Night blindness, myopia and photophobia may be due to zinc deficit.
Impaired reproductive system
Zinc insufficiency symptoms in women include defective, late and retarded growth of primary and secondary reproductive developments. Smaller breasts, narrow hips, disturbance of menstrual periods, fertility problems, pre-eclampsia in pregnancy and pre-menstrual syndrome are some of the effects.
Zinc deficiency indications in men include hypogonadism, defects in testes, defective primary and secondary reproductive development, fertility problems, loss of libido, impotence and aspermia.
Depression in immune functions
Production of antibodies declines and there is impaired function of T-lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages. There is marked increase in infections especially of the respiratory system.
Frequent attacks of flue and cold are observed. There is increased susceptibility to infections like pneumonia and there is increased allergic sensitivity.
Skin ailments
Frequent incidences of skin ulcers, acne, dermatitis, dry skin rash, psoriasis and eczema are symptoms of zinc deficiency.
Wounds get easily infected and take longer time to heal.
White spots and transverse lines on nails are zinc deficiency symptoms. Hangnails, inflammation of nail cuticles, nail infections, brittle nails, thin nails and poor nail growth are also observed. Hair loss (Alopecia) and dandruff are found to resolve with supplementation.
Enlargement of the prostate gland
Prostate gland has high concentration of zinc and benign enlargement of prostate gland and the resultant increased frequency of urination or inability to urinate are telltale warnings of shortage of the mineral.
Auto-immune diseases
The presence of auto-immune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis may be indications for underlying persistent shortage.
Psychological disorders
Psychological disorders and emotional disturbances like frequent mood changes, depression, sudden fright, low self-esteem, eating disorders, schizophrenia and emotional instability are some symptoms encountered in individuals with deficit in intake of this trace mineral.
Current topic : Symptoms of zinc deficiency
Food sources rich in zinc
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Selenium health benefits ›
Daily zinc requirements
Zinc food sources are spread over both animal and plant kingdoms. Among the animal sources, red meats, shellfish and poultry are rich in zinc.For uniformity, the percentage of the mineral is given for 100 grams of food.
(Data: USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 24)
Meats are zinc rich foods
Regular meat-eaters usually have their daily zinc requirements fulfilled.Though the red meat products are rich sources, considering their fat profile they have to be consumed in moderation.
As for veal, its production is being discouraged all over the world, due to the inhumane conditions the calves are put into.
| veal liver, raw | 12.02 mg |
| Lamb, domestic, foreshank, raw | 05.95 |
| Lamb liver, raw | 04.66 |
| beef liver, raw | 04.00 |
| beef, raw | 03.58 |
Shellfish are zinc rich food sources
Shellfish, especially, oysters and clams are wonderful zinc sources having more than double the daily required amount.Crustaceans like crabs and lobsters are also good zinc food sources.
| Wild eastern oyster, raw | 39.30 mg |
| Alaska king crab, raw | 05.95 |
| Northern lobster, raw | 03.53 |
| Blue crab, raw | 03.54 |
| Shrimp mixed species, raw | 00.97 |
| Scallops, raw | 00.91 |
Poultry as zinc food sources
Among the poultry turkey meat and liver have higher zinc content and are good sources.| Turkey, liver, raw | 2.26 mg |
| Turkey meat, raw | 2.37 |
| Duck meat, raw | 1.90 |
| Chicken broilers, raw | 1.54 |
| Whole raw fresh egg | 1.29 |
Fish as zinc food sources
Though fish do have zinc content, unlike red meat and poultry the quantity present is very moderate, and carp fish have higher percentage of 1.48.| Carp fish, raw | 1.48 mg |
| Herring fish, Atlantic, raw | 0.99 |
| Trout fish, raw | 0.66 |
| Swordfish, raw | 0.66 |
| Salmon fish, raw | 0.64 |
| Tuna fish, raw | 0.64 |
| Herring fish, Pacific, raw | 0.53 |
| Tilapia fish, raw | 0.33 |
| Atlantic Cod fish, raw | 0.45 |
| Pacific cod fish, raw | 0.31 |
Zinc in dairy foods
Dairy products contain moderate quantities of zinc, with the exception of Swiss cheese, which contains 30% of the daily requirement.| Swiss cheese | 4.36 mg |
| Plain skim milk yogurt | 0.97 |
| Cottage cheese low fat | 0.38 |
| Milk, whole, 3.25% milk fat | 0.37 |
Zinc in seeds and nuts
Watermelon seed kernels, sesame seed kernels and pumpkin seed kernels are very rich zinc food sources and meet more than 50% of daily its requirement per 100 gms.| Watermelon seed kernels, dried | 10.24 mg (rich) |
| Pumpkin seed kernels | 07.81 (rich) |
| Sesame seed kernels, dried | 06.73 (rich) |
| Dried pine nuts | 06.45 |
| Cowpeas mature seeds, raw | 06.11 |
| cashew nuts, raw | 05.78 |
| Soybeans mature seeds, raw | 04.89 |
| Lentils, raw | 04.78 |
| Dried brazil nuts | 04.06 |
| White beans mature seeds, raw | 03.67 |
| Chickpeas mature seeds, raw | 03.43 |
| Walnuts, dried | 03.37 |
| Peanuts, raw | 03.27 |
| Almonds | 03.08 |
| Peas mature seeds, raw | 03.01 |
| Lima beans mature seeds, raw | 02.83 |
| Kidney beans mature seeds, raw | 02.79 |
| Mung beans, mature seeds, raw | 02.68 |
| Pigeon peas mature seeds, raw | 02.76 |
| Cowpeas immature seeds, raw | 01.01 |
Zinc in cereals foods
Fortified ready-to-eat cereals are fortified to give 50% to more than 100% the DV of zinc per 100 grams depending upon the product mix and brand.Cereals, though contain fairly good amounts of this mineral, have also phytates, which inhibit its absorption by binding to it.
Hence the bioavailability of this mineral from cereal and plant food is very poor when compared to non-vegetarian sources.
| Fortified Cereals ready-to-eat | 15.00 gm (rich) |
| oats dry | 03.64 |
| Oat bran, raw | 03.11 |
| Wheat flour, whole-grain | 02.60 |
| Barley flour or meal | 02.00 |
| Cornmeal whole yellow | 01.82 |
| white rice | 01.10 |
Miscellaneous zinc food sources
Chocolate has been found to contain nearly 70% of zinc requirement in 100gms. However its negative health risks like contributing to low bone density, migraine and calories have to be considered.Shiitake mushrooms, also known as Black Forest mushrooms, are rich in Vitamin B complex and minerals.
Raw Shiitake mushrooms contain 1.03 mg of this mineral per 100 gms (1-46/5oz) and 100 gms fulfil nearly 7% of daily requirement.
Crimini mushrooms, also called as button mushrooms, are rich sources vitamin B complex and minerals like selenium, copper, zinc, manganese and phosphorus.
Raw Crimini mushrooms contain 1.1 mg of this mineral per 100gms (0.96mg/5oz) and 100 gms fulfil more than 6% DV.
Peanut butter is also one of rich food sources. Its rich fat content is its negative factor.
| Unsweetened baking chocolate (rich) | 9.63 mg |
| Peanut butter | 2.78 |
| Maple Syrup | 1.47 |
| Mushrooms, shiitake, raw | 1.03 |
| Mushrooms, Crimini, raw | 1.10 |
| Asparagus, raw | 0.54 |
| Spinach, raw | 0.53 |
| Swiss Chard, raw | 0.36 |
| Lettuce, raw | 0.18 |
Related topics:
Zinc nutrition and health benefits
Deficiency symptoms
Zinc role in immunity
benefits in cold remedy
Diarrhea and ORS
Zinc nutrition and health benefits
Deficiency symptoms
Zinc role in immunity
benefits in cold remedy
Diarrhea and ORS
Zinc in nutrition - Zinc health benefits
Zinc deficiency ›
Vanadium in nutrition ›
Zinc food sources ›
Selenium health benefits ›
Zinc overdose
Zinc is an essential micronutrient with extraordinary requirements in human nutrition with many health benefits.Zinc nutrition and health benefits
Zinc metalloenzymes are an important and predominant group of cellular and intracellular enzyme systems.This trace mineral is an essential component is gene transcription process with many uses in regulation of cellular growth, gene expression and cellular differentiation.
The metabolism of fatty acids, sugars and amino acids requires enzymes dependant on this micronutrient.
Many studies have revealed that its adequate nutrition is an important factor in growth promotion (both mental and physical) in young children and teenagers.
Its contributes to many body functions like tissue growth, maintenance and healing, cognitive function, function of senses, immune system function, function of glands and hormones production,especially hormones connected with reproductive system.
Hence its nutrition supplements have become very potent therapeutic tools for containing, managing and treating a number of diseases and health conditions.
Zinc health benefits in boosting immunity
This micronutrient is necessary for the function of thymus gland and is a component of thymic hormone.T-lymphocytes (T cells) undergo maturation and different T-cells are designated for different antigen protein with the help of thymic hormones.
T-cells attacking body's own proteins are eliminated by thymus.
It extends benefits in the proper functional performance of neutrophils and macrophages.
Being an astringent and antiviral agent, it extends health benefits in control of cold symptoms in the form of lozenges.
Substantial reduction in incidence and prevalence of pneumonia and malaria was observed in studies conducted in developing nations with its supplementation in nutrition.
Zinc health benefits in healing of wounds
Serum zinc is found to get diverted to injured and healing tissue.It stimulates the activities like tissue debris removal, new cell growth and connective tissue formation.
In topical applications, its astringent and biostatic properties are useful in control and healing of minor skin ailments.
Zinc is important for memory and cognition improvement
It is found that adequate zinc nutrition improves brain development, especially in young children.
In adults and children neuropsychological performance improves with supplementation with this trace mineral.
Zinc nutrition in diarrhea control
In acute and chronic diarrhea, the addition of zinc in the conventional oral rehydration solution (ORS) has been found to reduce the severity of illness.In diarrhea, loss of this micronutrient in the intestinal fluids contributes to its deficiency.
Further in this illness the requirement of zinc is increased due responses for boosting immune and tissue repair functions.
Supplements of this trace mineral in this state applies brakes to this vicious cycle of diarrhea.
Zinc health benefits on senses
It is required for inducing appetite as it is involved in the activities of taste buds and their development and growth.The senses of vision, taste and smell are dependent on its adequate serum levels in the body.
It is found in many research studies that most of the people suffering anorexia or Bulimia nervosa were deficient in this trace mineral.
Zinc health benefits in testosterone production in men
Adequate zinc serum levels are necessary for inducing pituitary glands to release luteinizing hormone, which stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone.This micronutrient, being a natural aromatase enzyme inhibitor, inhibits the production of aromatase. Aromatase is responsible for conversion of testosterone into estrogen.
The higher amount of estrogen in men can lead to heart ailments, obesity and gynecomastia (enlarged breasts in men).
Another dangerous aspect of increased levels of estrogen in men is in getting predisposed to prostate gland enlargement and cancer.
Zinc health benefits in athletic performance
In athletes there is increased dietary demand of this micronutrient due to sweat loss.Adequate zinc in nutrition is necessary for endurance athletes to maintain health and to ward off anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, decrease in endurance and loss of bone tissue and calcium nutrition.
Zinc nutrition and health benefits (current topic)
Zinc
Zinc is a very important trace mineral essential for almost all the biological activities of human body.
Half of the mineral in the human body is found in muscles.
The rest is distributed through out the body.
It functions as co factor in more than hundred enzymes in our body.
This mineral is essential in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
Protein synthesis process depends on zinc.
This mineral is essential for vitamin A metabolism.
Zinc has a big role to play in the healing of internal and external wounds.
Its supplementation in the post operative care is being emphasized now.
It maintains the nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
Prostaglandin production and thyroid function depend on the availability of this mineral.
Thymus hormone contains this trace nutrient.
This hormone helps in the production and maturation of lymphocytes required for fighting infection.
Zinc has a profound effect on the reproductive system of men, organizing the hormone activity.
This mineral boosts the nervous system and the brain function, increasing memory and learning skills.
Zinc enhances the sensory system, improving appetite by improving the senses of smell, and taste.
Its deficiency affects almost all the systems in the body.
The effect may be devastating.
Zinc is available in many natural foods sources, like, whole grains, yeast, egg, nuts, seeds sea food, meat and oysters.
it can be supplemented in chronic deficiencies following certain aspects of its absorption.
Zinc should not be taken along with calcium, magnesium and iron as these affect one another’s absorption.
Milk and food very rich in proteins are found to affect zinc absorption.
Supplement must be split into smaller doses for better absorption.
Excess of zinc can be toxic, and cholesterol management may be affected along with gastrointestinal disturbances.
The rest is distributed through out the body.
It functions as co factor in more than hundred enzymes in our body.
This mineral is essential in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
Protein synthesis process depends on zinc.
This mineral is essential for vitamin A metabolism.
Zinc has a big role to play in the healing of internal and external wounds.
Its supplementation in the post operative care is being emphasized now.
It maintains the nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
Prostaglandin production and thyroid function depend on the availability of this mineral.
Thymus hormone contains this trace nutrient.
This hormone helps in the production and maturation of lymphocytes required for fighting infection.
Zinc has a profound effect on the reproductive system of men, organizing the hormone activity.
This mineral boosts the nervous system and the brain function, increasing memory and learning skills.
Zinc enhances the sensory system, improving appetite by improving the senses of smell, and taste.
Its deficiency affects almost all the systems in the body.
The effect may be devastating.
Zinc is available in many natural foods sources, like, whole grains, yeast, egg, nuts, seeds sea food, meat and oysters.
it can be supplemented in chronic deficiencies following certain aspects of its absorption.
Zinc should not be taken along with calcium, magnesium and iron as these affect one another’s absorption.
Milk and food very rich in proteins are found to affect zinc absorption.
Supplement must be split into smaller doses for better absorption.
Excess of zinc can be toxic, and cholesterol management may be affected along with gastrointestinal disturbances.
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